How to Monitor Logs and Errors in Windows Server

Monitoring logs and errors in Windows Server is essential for system administrators to ensure stability, security, and smooth performance. By using built-in tools like Event Viewer and advanced log analyzers, you can quickly identify recurring issues, detect security threats, and optimize system resources.

1. Event Viewer Basics

Event Viewer is the default tool in Windows Server for reviewing and analyzing system logs.

How to Access Event Viewer:

• Open the Start Menu and search for Event Viewer.

• Or press Windows + R, then type:

   

  eventvwr.msc

Main Log Categories:

• Application Logs – errors and events from installed applications (e.g., SQL Server, IIS).

• System Logs – system-level issues such as driver failures or service crashes.

• Security Logs – login attempts and user access permissions.

• Setup Logs – installation and update records.

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2. Security Logs

Security Logs are critical for tracking user activities and detecting unauthorized access.

What Security Logs Show:

• Successful and failed login attempts.

• File and resource access.

• User and group configuration changes.

Common Event IDs:

• 4624 – Successful login.

• 4625 – Failed login attempt.

• 4634 – User logoff.

• 4672 – Admin privileges assigned.

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3. Tracking Recurring Errors

To ensure server stability, monitor recurring errors and system crashes.

Useful Tools:

• System Logs – identify recurring service issues.

• Reliability Monitor – graphical view of system stability.

• Performance Monitor – tracks CPU, RAM, and network usage.

4. Advanced Log Monitoring Tools

For more comprehensive monitoring, consider third-party tools:

• Splunk – enterprise-grade log analysis.

• ManageEngine EventLog Analyzer – advanced security event tracking.

• Graylog – open-source log management solution.

5. Best Practices for Log Monitoring

• Schedule regular backups of critical logs.

• Set up alerts for critical errors or suspicious login attempts.

• Define log retention policies to prevent storage overload.

• Train your IT team to interpret Event IDs effectively.

Conclusion

Monitoring logs and errors in Windows Server is more than troubleshooting—it’s about securing and optimizing your infrastructure. With Event Viewer, Security Logs, and advanced tools, you can track recurring errors, detect intrusions, and maintain system stability.

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